【雙語】你知道自己被拍了嗎？
瀏覽量：177 發(fā)布時間：2020-11-11
今年晚會以“提振消費，從心開始”為主題，旨在讓老百姓生活過得更加美滿，改善消費環(huán)境。
此
前四個點名批評的現(xiàn)象，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)成為被曝光重災區(qū)，人臉識別安全隱患重新提上議程。
China marked World Consumer Rights Day with a special "3.15" gala show aired on its national broadcaster CCTV yesterday.
The Chinese unit of U.S. bathroom and kitchen hardware maker Kohler as well as auto brands Ford and Infiniti were featured for not protecting consumers' rights.
And four of the ten listed brands, including Kohler, sparked a heated discussion on the issue of facial recognition and privacy.
#人臉識別遭濫用
據(jù)央視3·15報道，監(jiān)控攝像頭在我們的生活中幾乎已經(jīng)無所不在，這些攝像頭大都是以保障公共安全為目的，但是有些商家所安裝的攝像頭看似普通，卻暗藏玄機。
有了人臉識別功能的攝像頭，一旦顧客進入科勒衛(wèi)浴門店，攝像頭會自動記錄人臉信息，并自動生成編號。顧客之后再去哪家門店，科勒衛(wèi)浴都會知道。
科勒（中國）投資有限公司上海華東區(qū)零售銷售主任表示：“比如B店會顯示，顧客此前逛過A店，看了哪些產(chǎn)品，B店就有心理準備，知道如何去接待，如何去報價?！?br />
2021年1月1日正式實施的《民法典》第一千零三十五條明確規(guī)定，處理個人信息，應征得該自然人或者其監(jiān)護人同意。
但這些攝像頭被設置在不起眼的地方，顧客走入店中，無從知曉自己被拍攝，何來征得同意呢？
圖片
In the CCTV2 program, Kohler's manager of the Shanghai chain store said the firm had cameras installed in all its China stores to scan the faces of customers.
Once a customer enters the Kohler's store, the camera will automatically record facial features, and the customers' consumer habits will then be logged, and shared to the next Kohler store he/she walks in.
Article 1035 of the Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021, clearly states that people should be notified their personal data will be collected before they are filmed.
But normally, customers walk into stores without even knowing they are being filmed, much less being asked for their permission.
#什么是人臉識別
THE human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognise each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.
人類的臉是一件杰作。面部特征之紛繁各異令人驚嘆，它讓人們能相互辨認，也是形成復雜社會群體的關鍵。人臉傳遞情感信號的功能也同樣重要，無論是通過下意識的臉紅還是有技巧的假笑。
So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary blush or the artifice of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to dissimulate.
人們在清醒時花費大量時光研讀一張張面孔—在辦公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在臥室，尋找著興趣、敵意、信任和欺騙的跡象。他們也花大把的時間試圖掩飾自己的神色。
Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biometric data, such as fingerprints, is that they work at a distance. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
先說隱私。人臉相比指紋等其他生物特征數(shù)據(jù)的一個巨大區(qū)別就是它們能夠遠距離起作用。人們只要有手機就可以拍下照片，供人臉識別程序使用。
FindFace, an app in Russia, compares snaps of strangers with pictures on VKontakte, a social network, and can identify people with a 70% accuracy rate. Facebook’s bank of facial images cannot be scraped by others, but the Silicon Valley giant could obtain pictures of visitors to a car showroom, say, and later use facial recognition to serve them ads for cars.
俄羅斯的一款應用FindFace抓拍陌生人的照片與社交網(wǎng)絡VKontakte上的照片比對，識別人的準確率達70%。Facebook的面部圖片庫不能被其他人提取，但是，舉個例子，這家硅谷巨頭可以獲得汽車展廳內(nèi)到訪者的照片，然后使用人臉識別技術在自己的網(wǎng)站上找到這些人，向他們發(fā)送汽車廣告。
Even if private firms are unable to join the dots between images and identity, the state often can. China’s government keeps a record of its citizens’ faces; photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI.
即使私人公司無法將照片和身份聯(lián)系起來，國家往往可以做到。中國政府有公民的面部記錄；美國半數(shù)成年人口的照片儲存在數(shù)據(jù)庫中，可供FBI使用。
Law-enforcement agencies now have a powerful weapon in their ability to track criminals, but at enormous potential cost to citizens’ privacy.
如今，執(zhí)法機關在追蹤罪犯方面擁有了一個強大的武器，但它可能會令公民隱私遭受巨大的損害。
#個人隱私是爭議核心
人臉識別技術目前已被廣泛應用于日常生活的各個方面，乘車掃碼，進出商場，刷臉點單......
消費記錄可以通過大數(shù)據(jù)分析，被購物App獲得，分析出消費者的行為習慣。
出行住宿被旅行App掌握，行車路線也被打車平臺記錄。
在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大數(shù)據(jù)面前，黑市上甚至可以公開下載交易這些數(shù)據(jù)，更讓人后怕的是，一些手機App從一開始的信息采集就是過度的。
對于人臉識別安全的爭議核心點是個人隱私問題，被忽視的往往是公眾的知情權(quán)與個人隱私權(quán)。
據(jù)央視網(wǎng)報道，在實地調(diào)查中，近半數(shù)受訪者表示自己在人臉數(shù)據(jù)被采集時并未簽署、知曉相關隱私政策和用戶協(xié)議。
超過四成以上的受訪者表示，并不清楚自己的人臉數(shù)據(jù)是如何被存儲的。有83.37%的受訪者希望運營者提供查看或刪除人臉數(shù)據(jù)的渠道。
圖片
Facial recognition technology is widely used in daily life– from getting on to cabs and shopping malls, to ordering dishes in a restaurant.
Consumption records can be obtained by e-commerce apps through big data analysis to analyze consumers' habits.
The core of the controversy on facial recognition is that it does not ask consumers for permission and illegally shares their information.
According to CCTV news, more than 40 percent of interviewees said they had no idea how their data are being used and 83 percent want operators to give them a way of accessing and deleting their data.
What's your opinion of facial recognition privacy?
#天津立法禁止人臉識別
天津市人大常委會于近日表決通過了《天津市社會信用條例》（以下簡稱《條例》）。該《條例》將自2021年1月1日起實施，這也是全國首個公開禁止采集人臉識別信息的法規(guī)。
圖片
北京一位居民在小區(qū)入口進行人臉識別。（圖片來源：中國日報）
North China's Tianjin municipality will prohibit businesses and institutes from collecting personal bioinformation starting next year, amid heightened public concerns over the uncontrolled use of facial recognition, now employed in mobile payment, test-taking, and even public restrooms.
華北地區(qū)的天津市將從明年起禁止企業(yè)事業(yè)單位等收集個人生物信息。人臉識別如今已被廣泛應用于移動支付、考試甚至公共衛(wèi)生間等場所，這種無序使用狀況引發(fā)公眾擔憂。
單詞講解
這里的municipality指我國行政區(qū)劃中的“直轄市”，完整的表述為 centrally administered municipality（中央直接管轄的城市），直轄市與省（provinces）、自治區(qū)（autonomous regions）相當，省、自治區(qū)內(nèi)的其他城市我們多用city表示。
個人生物信息（personal bioinformation）通常包括指紋（fingerprints）、掌紋（palm prints）、虹膜（irises）、面部特征（facial patterns）、聲音模式（voice patterns）以及DNA等信息。
《條例》規(guī)定：
Market credit information providers will be banned from collecting information needed for biorecognition and other personal data, including religion, blood type, and medical history.
市場信用信息提供單位不得采集自然人的生物識別信息以及宗教信仰、血型、疾病和病史等其他個人信息。
Personal income, savings, and tax records are also protected from information harvesting unless the collectors informed the clients of possible consequence and sought their written permission.
市場信用信息提供單位不得采集自然人的收入、存款、納稅數(shù)額等信息，但是明確告知提供該信息可能產(chǎn)生的不利后果并取得其書面同意的除外。
圖片
2020年8月13日，西安某小區(qū)啟用刷臉門禁
單詞講解
這里說到信息“采集”的時候用到了collect和harvest這兩個詞，collect本身就表示“收集、采集”等意思，而harvest除了可以替換collect表示相同的意思之外，它更常見的意思是“收割（莊稼、農(nóng)作物）”，動詞、名詞都可以，比如：
We've been harvesting corn this week.
我們這周都在收玉米。
bountiful harvests
豐收；
由此還可以引申出“收獲（獎項、業(yè)績等）”，比如：
The team harvested several awards.
團隊獲得了好幾個獎。
It will target credit service agents, industry associations, as well as enterprises, and public institutes.
該《條例》適用于信用服務機構(gòu)、行業(yè)協(xié)會以及企業(yè)事業(yè)單位。
此
前四個點名批評的現(xiàn)象，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)成為被曝光重災區(qū)，人臉識別安全隱患重新提上議程。
China marked World Consumer Rights Day with a special "3.15" gala show aired on its national broadcaster CCTV yesterday.
The Chinese unit of U.S. bathroom and kitchen hardware maker Kohler as well as auto brands Ford and Infiniti were featured for not protecting consumers' rights.
And four of the ten listed brands, including Kohler, sparked a heated discussion on the issue of facial recognition and privacy.
#人臉識別遭濫用
據(jù)央視3·15報道，監(jiān)控攝像頭在我們的生活中幾乎已經(jīng)無所不在，這些攝像頭大都是以保障公共安全為目的，但是有些商家所安裝的攝像頭看似普通，卻暗藏玄機。
有了人臉識別功能的攝像頭，一旦顧客進入科勒衛(wèi)浴門店，攝像頭會自動記錄人臉信息，并自動生成編號。顧客之后再去哪家門店，科勒衛(wèi)浴都會知道。
科勒（中國）投資有限公司上海華東區(qū)零售銷售主任表示：“比如B店會顯示，顧客此前逛過A店，看了哪些產(chǎn)品，B店就有心理準備，知道如何去接待，如何去報價?！?br />
2021年1月1日正式實施的《民法典》第一千零三十五條明確規(guī)定，處理個人信息，應征得該自然人或者其監(jiān)護人同意。
但這些攝像頭被設置在不起眼的地方，顧客走入店中，無從知曉自己被拍攝，何來征得同意呢？
圖片
In the CCTV2 program, Kohler's manager of the Shanghai chain store said the firm had cameras installed in all its China stores to scan the faces of customers.
Once a customer enters the Kohler's store, the camera will automatically record facial features, and the customers' consumer habits will then be logged, and shared to the next Kohler store he/she walks in.
Article 1035 of the Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021, clearly states that people should be notified their personal data will be collected before they are filmed.
But normally, customers walk into stores without even knowing they are being filmed, much less being asked for their permission.
#什么是人臉識別
THE human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognise each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.
人類的臉是一件杰作。面部特征之紛繁各異令人驚嘆，它讓人們能相互辨認，也是形成復雜社會群體的關鍵。人臉傳遞情感信號的功能也同樣重要，無論是通過下意識的臉紅還是有技巧的假笑。
So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary blush or the artifice of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to dissimulate.
人們在清醒時花費大量時光研讀一張張面孔—在辦公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在臥室，尋找著興趣、敵意、信任和欺騙的跡象。他們也花大把的時間試圖掩飾自己的神色。
Start with privacy. One big difference between faces and other biometric data, such as fingerprints, is that they work at a distance. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
先說隱私。人臉相比指紋等其他生物特征數(shù)據(jù)的一個巨大區(qū)別就是它們能夠遠距離起作用。人們只要有手機就可以拍下照片，供人臉識別程序使用。
FindFace, an app in Russia, compares snaps of strangers with pictures on VKontakte, a social network, and can identify people with a 70% accuracy rate. Facebook’s bank of facial images cannot be scraped by others, but the Silicon Valley giant could obtain pictures of visitors to a car showroom, say, and later use facial recognition to serve them ads for cars.
俄羅斯的一款應用FindFace抓拍陌生人的照片與社交網(wǎng)絡VKontakte上的照片比對，識別人的準確率達70%。Facebook的面部圖片庫不能被其他人提取，但是，舉個例子，這家硅谷巨頭可以獲得汽車展廳內(nèi)到訪者的照片，然后使用人臉識別技術在自己的網(wǎng)站上找到這些人，向他們發(fā)送汽車廣告。
Even if private firms are unable to join the dots between images and identity, the state often can. China’s government keeps a record of its citizens’ faces; photographs of half of America’s adult population are stored in databases that can be used by the FBI.
即使私人公司無法將照片和身份聯(lián)系起來，國家往往可以做到。中國政府有公民的面部記錄；美國半數(shù)成年人口的照片儲存在數(shù)據(jù)庫中，可供FBI使用。
Law-enforcement agencies now have a powerful weapon in their ability to track criminals, but at enormous potential cost to citizens’ privacy.
如今，執(zhí)法機關在追蹤罪犯方面擁有了一個強大的武器，但它可能會令公民隱私遭受巨大的損害。
#個人隱私是爭議核心
人臉識別技術目前已被廣泛應用于日常生活的各個方面，乘車掃碼，進出商場，刷臉點單......
消費記錄可以通過大數(shù)據(jù)分析，被購物App獲得，分析出消費者的行為習慣。
出行住宿被旅行App掌握，行車路線也被打車平臺記錄。
在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大數(shù)據(jù)面前，黑市上甚至可以公開下載交易這些數(shù)據(jù)，更讓人后怕的是，一些手機App從一開始的信息采集就是過度的。
對于人臉識別安全的爭議核心點是個人隱私問題，被忽視的往往是公眾的知情權(quán)與個人隱私權(quán)。
據(jù)央視網(wǎng)報道，在實地調(diào)查中，近半數(shù)受訪者表示自己在人臉數(shù)據(jù)被采集時并未簽署、知曉相關隱私政策和用戶協(xié)議。
超過四成以上的受訪者表示，并不清楚自己的人臉數(shù)據(jù)是如何被存儲的。有83.37%的受訪者希望運營者提供查看或刪除人臉數(shù)據(jù)的渠道。
圖片
Facial recognition technology is widely used in daily life– from getting on to cabs and shopping malls, to ordering dishes in a restaurant.
Consumption records can be obtained by e-commerce apps through big data analysis to analyze consumers' habits.
The core of the controversy on facial recognition is that it does not ask consumers for permission and illegally shares their information.
According to CCTV news, more than 40 percent of interviewees said they had no idea how their data are being used and 83 percent want operators to give them a way of accessing and deleting their data.
What's your opinion of facial recognition privacy?
#天津立法禁止人臉識別
天津市人大常委會于近日表決通過了《天津市社會信用條例》（以下簡稱《條例》）。該《條例》將自2021年1月1日起實施，這也是全國首個公開禁止采集人臉識別信息的法規(guī)。
圖片
北京一位居民在小區(qū)入口進行人臉識別。（圖片來源：中國日報）
North China's Tianjin municipality will prohibit businesses and institutes from collecting personal bioinformation starting next year, amid heightened public concerns over the uncontrolled use of facial recognition, now employed in mobile payment, test-taking, and even public restrooms.
華北地區(qū)的天津市將從明年起禁止企業(yè)事業(yè)單位等收集個人生物信息。人臉識別如今已被廣泛應用于移動支付、考試甚至公共衛(wèi)生間等場所，這種無序使用狀況引發(fā)公眾擔憂。
單詞講解
這里的municipality指我國行政區(qū)劃中的“直轄市”，完整的表述為 centrally administered municipality（中央直接管轄的城市），直轄市與省（provinces）、自治區(qū)（autonomous regions）相當，省、自治區(qū)內(nèi)的其他城市我們多用city表示。
個人生物信息（personal bioinformation）通常包括指紋（fingerprints）、掌紋（palm prints）、虹膜（irises）、面部特征（facial patterns）、聲音模式（voice patterns）以及DNA等信息。
《條例》規(guī)定：
Market credit information providers will be banned from collecting information needed for biorecognition and other personal data, including religion, blood type, and medical history.
市場信用信息提供單位不得采集自然人的生物識別信息以及宗教信仰、血型、疾病和病史等其他個人信息。
Personal income, savings, and tax records are also protected from information harvesting unless the collectors informed the clients of possible consequence and sought their written permission.
市場信用信息提供單位不得采集自然人的收入、存款、納稅數(shù)額等信息，但是明確告知提供該信息可能產(chǎn)生的不利后果并取得其書面同意的除外。
圖片
2020年8月13日，西安某小區(qū)啟用刷臉門禁
單詞講解
這里說到信息“采集”的時候用到了collect和harvest這兩個詞，collect本身就表示“收集、采集”等意思，而harvest除了可以替換collect表示相同的意思之外，它更常見的意思是“收割（莊稼、農(nóng)作物）”，動詞、名詞都可以，比如：
We've been harvesting corn this week.
我們這周都在收玉米。
bountiful harvests
豐收；
由此還可以引申出“收獲（獎項、業(yè)績等）”，比如：
The team harvested several awards.
團隊獲得了好幾個獎。
It will target credit service agents, industry associations, as well as enterprises, and public institutes.
該《條例》適用于信用服務機構(gòu)、行業(yè)協(xié)會以及企業(yè)事業(yè)單位。
